কমলকুমার মজুমদারের শিল্পী মানস

KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii wkíx-gvbm 

†kvqvBe wReivb

KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii Rb¥ 1914 mv‡ji 14 b‡f¤^i KwjKvZv †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡R| wcZv cÖdzj­P›`ª gRyg`vi, gv †iYyKvgqx gRyg`vi| wcZvgn ei`vKvš gRyg`vi, Zuv‡`i ¯’vqx wbevm PweŸk ciMYv †Rjvi UvKx‡Z| KgjKzgv‡ii Rb¥Kv‡j Zuvi wcZv cywjk Awdmvi wn‡m‡e KwjKvZvq Kg©iZ, _vK‡Zb fvov evwo‡Z| muvIZvj ciMYvi wiwLqvq Zuviv evwo K‡iwQ‡jb| G wn‡m‡e KgjKzgv‡ii ˆkke-‰K‡kvi AwZevwnZ nq wewPί’v‡b| evev, gv, VvKzgv I evevi gvgv kirP›`ª ivq †PŠayixi Agj Avkª‡q| KL‡bv eKzjevMv‡b, ivmwenvix Gwfby¨, e­Kgbw÷ª‡Ui bvMwiK cwi‡e‡k Avevi †Lvjv AvKv‡ki wiwLqvq| KgjKzgv‡ii ˆkke ˆK‡kvi AwZevwnZ nq wkímvwn‡Z¨i AZ¨š AbyK‚j cwi‡e‡k| Zuvi cwiev‡ii cÖwZwU ¯’v‡bB mvwnZ¨, msMxZ, Awfbq, wPÎKjvi PP©v wQj| gv †iYyKvgqxi wQj ˆkwíK Awfi€wP| KgjKzgvi ˆkke ¯§„wZPvi‡Y e‡j‡Qb :

Avgvi gvi Kɯ^‡i gy»Zv wQj, †hLv‡b ¯^i¯’vb my‡WŠj, iƒcvš, †h Ges hLb H ¯’v‡b AvwmZ weZiwm w`¶yM‡Y| Bnv †`kiv‡M GLb mKvj nq| A™¢yZ m²Zv Avgv‡`i fi KwiZ wK ch©š `ytmvn‡m Avgiv †NvlYv KwiZvg, †Kke a„Z ivg kixis Rq RM`xk n‡e| ³

KgjKzgv‡ii fvB-‡ev‡biv mvwnZ¨i€wP jvf K‡iwQ‡jb cÖ_gZ gv‡qi m‡ÎB| wkíx kvby jvwnoxi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y :

gv‡qi Aí eq‡m we‡q n‡qwQj| covi Lye †SuvK| Lv‡Ui Zjvq wbqwgZ co‡Zb, wjL‡Zb| cÖPzi eB| evsjv eB, Bs‡iwR eB| ej‡Z wK cÖ_g Rxe‡b mvwnZ¨cÖxwZ gv‡qi KvQ †_‡KB cvIqv| gv G‡Zv mvwnZ¨cvV Ki‡Zb, Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb †h Avgiv †mB mg‡qB A‡bK fvwi fvwi wRwbl †R‡b wM‡qwQjvg| ⁴

mvwnZ¨, ag© I cyiv‡Yi mv‡_ m¤ž„w³ N‡U G ˆkk‡eB| cÖwZw`b †fv‡i †iYyKvgqx GKcv‡k KgjKzgvi, GKcv‡k bxi` gRyg`vi‡K †i‡L †¯vÎ MvB‡Zb, ivgvqY, gnvfvi‡Zi Kvwnbx c‡o †kvbv‡Zb, GgbwK gvB‡Kj gaym`b `‡Ëi (1824-1873) †gNbv`eaKve¨ (1861) c‡o †kvbv‡Zb| kvby jvwnox mv¶vrKv‡i e‡j‡Qb:

†QvU‡ejv †_‡K cjvkxi hy×, ivgvqY, †Mviv, c‡_i `vex, †gNbv`ea Ggwb me fvwi eB‡qi Av‡jvPbv ï‡bwQ Avwg| ⁵

KgjKzgvi Zuvi Pwi‡Îi wecixZgywL `yBaviv GKw`‡K m¶ i€wP‡eva I ˆkwíK Awfi€wP Ab¨w`‡K DÏvgZv, Lvg‡Lqvwjcbv, DrKUZvi mv‡_ Pwi‡Îi ¯^vaxb‡PZv, AbgwbqZv †c‡qwQ‡jb gv evevi m‡ÎB| gv PvB‡Zb †Q‡jiv  ˆkwíK Awfi€wP wb‡q eo †nvK| PwiÎevb †nvK| evev PvB‡Zb †Q‡jiv Zv‡`i LywkgZ eo †nvK| G‡Kev‡i ˆkk‡eB KgjKzgv‡ii †ec‡ivqvcbv‡K cÖkªq w`‡q‡Qb wcZv| †P‡q‡Qb mšvb Avcbvi gZ eo †nvK :

gv GKUz ivwM wQ‡jb, evev memgq †Q‡j‡`i †mf Ki‡Zb| `v`v‡K †Zv KZevi euvwP‡q‡Qb evev| GKw`b `v`v KZK¸‡jv †g‡qi Qwe, by¨W bq ZLb by¨W Lye GKUv †ei€‡Zv bv wm‡bgvi cwÎKvq| Agwb KZK¸‡jv Qwe ivbœvN‡ii NyjNywj‡Z †i‡L‡Q †mu‡U| gv †Zv †i‡M Av¸b| `v`vi Pwi‡Îi A‡avMwZ †`‡L G‡jvcvZvwo gv‡i Avi wK! evev †mB mgq Awdm †_‡K wd‡i G‡m‡Qb| ej‡jb, I¸‡jv Avwg †mu‡UwQ| I¸‡jv Avgvi| evev PvB‡Zb †Q‡jiv wb‡Ri LywkgZ eo †nvK| gv PvB‡Zb †Q‡jiv PwiÎevb †nvK| ⁶

KgjKzgviiv e­Kgb w÷ªª‡Ui †h evmvq fvov _vK‡Zb Zvi Dc‡ii Zjvq i€wPevb abvX¨ †KD GKRb _vK‡Zb| †m N‡i ZrKvjxb weL¨vZ †jLK †jwLKviv Avm‡Zb, mvwnZ¨ mfv nZ| gwnjvi mvwnZ¨ msMÖnI wQj wekvj| ZvQvov, wZwb H mg‡qi weL¨vZ evsjv I Bs‡iwR cÎ cwÎKvI ivL‡Zb:

Avgiv †h N‡ii GK Zjvq _vKZvg Zvi Ic‡ii Zjvq DËi cvovi GK gwnjv, ivYx ivmgwbi evwoi †KD, H gwnjv _vK‡Zb, evwoi gvwjK| Avgiv Ic‡ii gv ejZzg| wPiKvj Ic‡ii ÔgvÕ ejZvg| Ic‡ii evwo‡Z †m hy‡Mi mg¯ †jLK, †jwLKviv Avm‡Zb| gwnjv †jLKiv Avm‡Zb| ivavivYx †`ex Avm‡Zb| Ic‡ii KvKv Lye wewjwZ g¨vMvwRb co‡Zb| `v`v Lye †mB g¨vMvwRb †`L‡Zb| ⁷

G-evwoi m‡ÎB KgjKzgvi evjK eq‡mB †m hy‡Mi weL¨vZ weL¨vZ †jvK‡`i mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb| KgjKzgv‡ii g‡b †m eq‡mi ¯§„wZ AvRxeb RvMi€K wQj :

†Q‡j‡ejv‡Z Avgv‡`i e­Kg¨vb ÷ªx‡Ui evwo‡Z, Avgiv wbiƒcgv †`ex, mijv †`ex, kir evey eû MY¨gvb¨‡K Avwm‡Zb †`wLqvwQ Zvnv‡`i cÖYvg KwiqvwQ| ZLbKvi GB mKj Rgv‡qZ ¯§„wZ Ges H mgv‡jvPbv I †jLv cvV Avgv‡`i me©mgq RvMvBqv ivwLqv‡Q| ⁸

7/8 ermi eq‡m KgjKzgvi I fvB bxi` gRyg`vi PweŸk ciMYv †Rjvi weózcyi Ôwk¶vms‡NÕ fwZ© nb| KgjKzgvi Zuvi wk¶vRxe‡bI ˆkk‡ei g‡ZvB DŽQ„Lj †ec‡ivqv wKš‘ †gavi cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡ib| ¯‹zj cvjv‡bv, wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ †eqv`we, gvivgvwi, evevi nv‡Zi †jLv bKj K‡i QywU †bqv meB K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ covïbvq me©ÎB †i‡L‡Qb AmvaviY †gavi Qvc| †QvU‡evb wPÎwkíx kvby jvwnoxi fv‡l¨ :

`v`v‡`i eqm ZLb 7/8 eQi| ZLb †_‡KB cywj‡ki GK f`ª‡jv‡Ki ¯xi Kv‡Q †d«Â wkL‡Zv| ¯‹z‡j _vK‡Zv bv cÖvqB, cvwj‡q Avm‡Zv| Lye e`gv‡qm| `yózwg Ki‡Zv memgq| GKevi wK Kvi‡Y †evwW©s -G mycvi‡K †g‡iwQj Lvevi †Uwe‡j| Qy‡U Avm‡Z Avm‡Z Lvevi †Uwe‡ji mg¯ Lvevi, Kuv‡Pi †c­U¸‡jv Quyo‡Z Quyo‡Z G‡mwQj| †mB ¯‹zj Qvo‡jv| Zvici K¨vw_Wªvj wgkb ¯‹zj| †mLv‡bI GK BwZnvm| †ivR †ivR evevi bv‡g wb‡R wj‡L wPwV w`Z, ¯‹zj cvjvZ| ... ZLb `v`v †m‡fb wK GB‡U c‡o| Zvici ¯‹zj Qvwo‡q ej‡jb n¨vÛivBwUs G·cv‡U©i Kv‡Q hvI| G·cvU© †Zv cÖ_g w`‡bB ej‡jb G‡Zv Aj‡iwW G·cvU©| Zvici †mUvI †Q‡o XzK‡jb fevbxcyi †Uv‡j| ⁹

GB fevbxcyi †Uvj KgjKzgv‡ii Rxe‡b cÖPÊ Qvc †d‡j| KgjKzgv‡ii Rxe‡b †h fMer mvabv, eªvþY¨‡PZbvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq Zvi mPbv G ms¯‹…Z †Uv‡j| gv VvKzgvi cÖfv‡e ˆkk‡eB KgjKzgvi fMer mvabvi w`‡K Suy‡KwQ‡jb| G †Uv‡j Zv cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc cvq| gv_v b¨vov K‡i, wUwK †i‡L ag©, ms¯‹…Z fvlv I mvwnZ¨ cvV K‡ib| G mgqKvi K_vq kvby e‡j‡Qb :

GKw`b `yÕfvB †Uvj †_‡K wd‡i Gj b¨vov gv_v, wUwK †i‡L| mevB e‡j wK e¨vcvi evev gv †KD gviv †M‡Qb bvwK| evev gvI AevK| `v`viv ej‡jb, †Uv‡j co‡j Agwb wUwK †i‡LB co‡Z n‡e| †`L KvÊ| A‡bKw`b ms¯‹…Z c‡o `yÕfvB|  Zvici †jLvcovi cvV PzK‡jv| ¹⁰

†jLvcovi cvV PzwK‡q KgjKzgvi c„w_exi e„nËi cvVkvjvq bvg †jLvb| ˆkk‡e gv‡qi mv‡_ wM‡qwQ‡jb kvwšwb‡KZb, evevi mv‡_ wngvjq| fvB bxi`‡K wb‡q mvB‡K‡j A‡bK `i| 1934 mv‡j gy‡½‡i f‚wgK¤úž n‡j bxi`‡K wb‡q wiwjd Ux‡gi mv‡_ hvÎv K‡ib| G f‚wgK‡¤úž gvby‡li `y`©kv KgjKzgvi Aši w`‡q Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb| G f‚wgK‡¤úži eY©bv KgjKzgvi Zuvi m¤úžvw`Z cwÎKv Dòxk cÖ_g msL¨vq †Q‡cwQ‡jb| †m eQiB gvgvevwo j‡²Š Av‡mb| j‡²Š GK eQi wQ‡jb| GLvb †_‡K c‡i gyjZvb hvb| gyjZv‡b g`, wbwl× cvovq Mgb G mKj AwfÁZv jvf K‡ib| c‡ii eQiB 1936 mv‡j ivRkvwn‡Z †eov‡Z Av‡mb| ivRkvwni †LZzwii †gjvq AvDj evDj‡`i mv‡_ †g‡kb| cÙvi ZxieZx© A‡ji Pvlv †g‡U‡`i mv‡_ †g‡kb| †jvKK_v, †jvKQov, evDj‡`i k‡ãi Mpv‡_© e¨envi j¶ K‡ib :

GLv‡b †`wLqvwQ e‡½i me©Î nB‡Z †jvK AvwmZ Ges kã jBqv Av‡jvPbv nBZ| Bw÷gv‡ii †XD, †UwjMÖvd, GKgY (IRb), ¯‹zj, Avevi KZ bv MÄ kn‡ii bvg Avwmqv‡Q µgvMZ mv‡U cwiewZ©Z nB‡Z‡Q| ¹¹

Zvi€‡Y¨i G-mgqUv KgjKzgvi ågY, cwÎKv m¤úžv`bv, bvU¨ cwiPvjbv BZ¨vw`‡Z e¨¯ _v‡Kb| GmgqB KuvPv nv‡Z jvjRy‡Zv, gay, wcª‡Ým †QvUMí iPbv K‡ib| G iPbv¸‡jv‡Z KgjKzgv‡ii ¯^vZwš¨K ˆewkó¨ aiv c‡owb|

†hŠe‡bi mPbvq KgjKzgvi Rvnv‡R G·‡cvU©, Bg‡cvU©, gv‡Qi †fwo, wW. wW. wU. cÖf…wZ e¨emv Avi¤¢ K‡ib| G mKj e¨emvq wZwb mvgwqK mvdj¨I jvf K‡ib| nv‡Z Av‡m KuvPv UvKv| G UvKvq KgjKzgvi P‚ovšfv‡e †ewn‡mwe, wejvmx n‡q I‡Vb| †cvkv‡K-Avkv‡K, Pjv‡divq G‡Kev‡i AwfRvZ evey| G mg‡qi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb kvby :

†cvkv‡K-Avkv‡K `v`v wQ‡jb fxlY evey, ¯§vU©| gv‡k©j w¯§_ e‡jb †h, wRbœvi ci fviZe‡l© GZ I‡qj †WªmW fviZxq Avi †`‡Lbwb| G mgq cÖPzi UvKv Avq Ki‡Zb| Avgvi w`w`i we‡qi mg¯ LiPUvB w`‡q‡Qb `v`v| KZ †h e¨emv K‡i‡Qb Zvi wn‡me †bB| wW. wW. wU. G·‡cvU©, Bg‡cvU©, gv‡Qi †fwo, KZwKQy| ¹²

Pvj©m evi wQ‡jb KgjKzgv‡ii wcÖq Awf‡bZv| ZLb wZwb K_vevZ©vq, PvjPj‡b AbyKiY Ki‡Zb evi‡KB| G mgqB KgjKzgvi PjwŽ”PÎ, msMx‡Zi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nb| wKš‘, KgjKzgv‡ii ¯^ŽQj I G eveyfve †ewkw`b †U‡Kwb| 1939 mv‡j wØZxq wek¦hy× ïi€ nq| Zvi †XD G‡m jv‡M KwjKvZvq| 1941 mv‡j Rvcvwb †evgvi f‡q KgjKzgvi cwiev‡ii mv‡_ wiwLqvq hvÎv K‡ib| G wiwLqvi cÖfve KgjKzgv‡ii Rxe‡b Acwimxg| G wiwLqvi cUf‚wg‡ZB KgjKzgvi iPbv K‡ib wcći ewmqv ïK (1376) Dcb¨vm| GQvov AmsL¨ †QvUM‡í wiwLqvi cwi‡ek cUf‚wg Qwo‡q Av‡Q| wiwLqvi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q `qvgqx gRyg`vi wj‡L‡Qb :

GwU mvIZvj ciMYvq| RvqMvUv  wenv‡ii AšM©Z| kvj gûqvi R½j Avi †Kv_vI †Kv_vI BDK¨vwjcUv‡mi mvwiI †`Lv †hZ| †QvU eo wUjv Ges cvnvo| wKQy`‡i wQj wPjKv n«`| me©ÎB jvjgvwU LyeB fvj| ¹³

G cwi‡e‡kB KgjKzgvi Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb myNivB‡K, Avi †PÄv‡i Avmv gwbecZœx I Zv‡`i evey †jvKRb‡`i| wiwLqv G mgq KwjKvZvi AwfRvZ A‡bK Ávbx¸YxRb‡`i mgv‡e‡k cwiYZ n‡qwQj| ZLbZvi cÖwZwôZ Kwe weòz †` †_‡K Zi€Y A‡jvKiÄb `vk¸ß mKjB wiwLqvq G‡mwQ‡jb| wiwLqvq ZLb M‡o D‡VwQj GK wkíxmsN| KgjKzgv‡ii M„n A½‡b M‡o I‡V †cÖ¶vM„n| KgjKzgvi wb‡RB †`b K¨v‡d `¨ †iwKI bv‡g GKwU †iu‡¯viv| mvwnZ¨PP©v, wbZ¨ AvÇv Avi kiYv_x©‡`i ˆn û‡j­v‡o f‡i I‡V wiwLqv| KgjKzgv‡ii †evb MxZv I cÖwZ‡ekx `qvgqx wg‡j GLv‡b cÖKvk K‡ib †`qvj cwÎKv| †m m‡Î KgjKzgv‡ii m‡½ cwiPq nq `qvgqx gRyg`v‡ii hv †cÖg †_‡K cwiY‡q cwiYZ nq 1947 mv‡j|

KgjKzgvi GLv‡bB cwiwPZ nb muvIZvj Mixe `ytLx gvbylRb‡`i mv‡_| muvIZvj eªvZ¨R‡biv Zv‡KB ¯^ŽQj gvbyl e‡j Rv‡b †h eZ©‡b Lvq, evwj‡k Nygvq| G cwi‡e‡k †PÄv‡i Avmv evey †jvKRb‡`i mvg‡b †Qov‡MwÄ Mv‡q, cvwL nv‡Z `uvovq wcći evmvq ïK -Gi myNivB|

KgjKzgvi G-mgq (1941) Gd G cvk K‡ib Ges c‡ii eQi 1942 mv‡j KwjKvZvq Av‡mb Kg©vbymÜv‡b| KwjKvZvq KgjKzgv‡ii Avmv I Kg©vbymÜv‡bi cwiw¯’wZ m¤úž‡K© Zuvi fvl¨ :

Avwg GLb KwjKvZvq GKv! KwjKvZvq cvV PzwKqv wMqv‡Q| ... mK‡j wiwLqvq Avwg wiwLqv nB‡Z GLv‡b (Misore Road) evZvmv‡Ki evwoi wcQ‡b wZbZjvq GK Ni fvov Kwiqv _vwK - evZvmvKB wVK Kwiqv †`q, ivbœvi cvV ZLb bvB| øvb Kwiqv Kg©vbymÜv‡bi c‡_ LvIqv mvwiZvg wbRv‡g| ¹⁴

wKš‘ KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi †Zgb †Kv‡bv KvR cvbwb| †eKvi KgjKzgvi G mgq wkímvwn‡Z¨i AvÇvq Rwo‡q c‡ob| G mgq cy‡ivUvB Kv‡U AvÇvq| K‡jR w÷ª‡Ui Kwd nvDR, Lvjvmx‡Uvjvi g‡`i †`vKvb, wPËiÄb Gwfby¨i Kwd nvDR, cwi‡Zvl †mb, weòz †` cÖgL wPÎwkíx Kwe‡`i evwo, wmM‡bU †cÖm Ges †klw`‡K PZzi½, myeY©‡iLv  Awdm|

KgjKzgvi G mgq wb‡Ri wkígva¨g w¯’i Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wPÎKjv, bvUK, msMxZ, mvwnZ¨ wewPÎ gva¨‡g wePiY Ki‡Qb| G avivi mgmvgwqK‡`i mv‡_ AvÇvq wg_w¯Œqv Ki‡Qb| me¸‡jv gva¨‡gi †jvKR‡bi AvÇvq wZwb ga¨gwb :

1942 - 43 mvj †_‡K Avgv‡`i AvÇv m‡Ü  †ejvq K‡jR w÷ª‡Ui Kwd nvD‡R emv ïi€ nj| ... AvÇvi bv‡Ui ¸i€ wQ‡jb KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi| ¹⁵

Kwd nvD‡Ri AvÇvi †K›`ªxq welqe¯‘ wQj PjwŽ”PÎ| G AvÇvq GKwÎZ n‡Zb mZ¨wRr ivq, ivavcÖmv` ¸ß, wP`vb›` `vk¸ß, cwi‡Zvl †mb, c„_¡xk wb‡qvMx, PÂjKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq cÖgyL| G AvÇv †_‡KB 1947 mv‡ji 5 †m‡Þ¤^i MwVZ nq K¨vjKvUv wdj¥ †mvmvBwU| G †mvmvBwUi D‡`¨v‡M N‡i-evB‡i Qwe Kivi cwiKíbv Kiv nq| cwiPvjK nIqvi K_v wQj nwimvab `vk¸‡ßi Ges mZ¨wRr iv‡qi wPÎbv‡U¨i| KgjKzgvi wkíwb‡`©kK :

ÔN‡i evB‡iÕ Qwei cwiKíbv n‡”Q †R‡b Kgjevey †g‡Z DV‡jb| wPÎbvU¨ †jLv n‡”Q Avi Kgjevey wW‡Uj hywM‡q hv‡ŽQb| ¹⁶

KgjKzgv‡ii Pjw”PÎ wb‡q cwiKíbv wQj e¨vcK| G mgq wZwb Qwe cwiPvjbvi K_v †f‡e‡Qb, Pjw”PÎ welqK cwÎKv Pjw”PÎ (1950) cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb :

Kgjeveyi wb‡RiI wdj¥ Kivi B‡ŽQ wQj| m¤¢eZ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡kl Kvwnbxi wPÎiƒc wZwb Kíbv Ki‡Z fvjevm‡Zb| `ywU Kvwnbx‡K Avkªq K‡i wKQymgq I wPšvI wZwb e¨q K‡iwQ‡jb| †m `ywU nj kirP‡›`ªi ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ I iex›`ªbv‡_i Ô†`eZvi MÖvmÕ| `ywUiB Rb¨ bvwK `yÕnvRv‡ii Dci †d«g‡¯‹P K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| Zvi g‡a¨ ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õi Rb¨ Kiv Lvb cÂv‡kK †¯‹P Avgv‡K †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| ¹⁷

1948 mv‡j divwm wPÎKi Av¸¯ †i‡bvqvi cyÎ `¨ wifvi L¨vZ Ru †i‡bvqv KwjKvZvq H Qwei ky¨wUs Ki‡Z G‡j KgjKzgvi Zuv‡K Qwei wel‡q, fvi‡Z †jvKkvb wbe©vP‡bi wel‡q mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb, Dc‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †i‡bvqv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb :

evsjv‡`‡k Qwe Ki‡Z n‡j †nv‡U‡j _vK‡j Pj‡e bv| †jvKR‡bi m‡½ †gjv‡gkv Ki‡Z n‡e, iv¯vNv‡U Nyi‡Z n‡e, †iv‡` cyo‡Z n‡e, GK‡cU †L‡q MigKv‡j eUMv‡Qi Qvqvq Ny‡gv‡Z n‡e, R‡j wfR‡Z n‡e, M½vi iƒc `yÕ†PvL f‡i ‡`L‡Z n‡e| ¹⁸

wKš‘ 1955 mv‡j eÜz mZ¨wRr iv‡qi c‡_i cuvPvjx Pjw”PÎ gyw³ †c‡j Ges GKB mv‡_ mybvg AR©b Ki‡j KgjKzgvi Pjw”PÎ †_‡K nVvr G‡Kev‡i m‡i Av‡mb| QwewU †`Lvi ci GgbwK mZ¨wRr iv‡qi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ch©š eÜ K‡i †`b :

1955 mv‡j Ôc‡_i cuvPvjxÕ gyw³ cvevi ci A‡bKevi A‡bK Aby‡iva m‡Ë¡I Kgjeveyi g‡b QwewU †`Lv m¤^‡Ü †Kvb Drmvn mÂvi Ki‡Z cvwiwb| ... †k‡l GKw`b hLb mwZ¨B †`L‡jb, ZLb nVvr †hvMv‡hvM eÜ K‡i w`‡jb| ¹⁹

Pjw”P‡Î mZ¨wR‡Zi cÖwZôv I KgjKzgv‡ii m‡i Avmvi NUbvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Kgj g‡bi Mfxi K‚‰Ulvi (complex)  w`KwU aiv c‡o|

Pjw”P‡Î mZ¨wR‡Zi cÖwZôv KgjKzgvi‡K Cl©vwš^Z K‡iwQj e‡j Avgv‡`i g‡b nq| mZ¨wRr ivq‡K Ggwb‡Z wZwb Avov‡j X¨vOvevey e‡j WvK‡Zb, GgbwK GKw`b mZ¨wRr DchvPK n‡q K_v ej‡Z †M‡j KgjKzgvi Zuv‡K AcgvbmPK DËi †`b :

Av‡M cÖvq mv¶vr nZ; †Kvb GKUv we‡kl Kvi‡Y `xN©Kvj †Q` c‡o| f`ª‡jvK‡K †`‡L Amy¯’ g‡b nIqv‡Z wR‡M¨m Kijvg Kx n‡q‡Q| ej‡jb nuvcvwb| Zv Rb¨ Kx K‡ib wR‡Ám Ki‡Z ej‡jb- ivwˇi Rvbvjvi wkK a‡i `uvwo‡q _vwK| cÖkœ Kijvg wPwKr‡m Kivb bv ? Kgjevey ej‡jb- bv mvdwis Gi g‡a¨ GKUv Mª¨vÄi Av‡Q| ²⁰

mZ¨wRr we‡kl Kvi‡Y m¤úžK©‡”Q‡`i K_v ej‡jI Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi KviYwU wK| KviYwU mZ¨wRr c‡e©i D×…wZ‡ZB e‡j‡Qb - ÔKgjKzgvi QwewU †`Lvi ci †hvMv‡hvM eÜ K‡i †`bÕ| mZ¨wR‡Zi Pjw”P‡Î cÖwZôvq KgjKzgvi ey‡SwQ‡jb G c_ Zuvi bq| Zuvi gva¨g wfbœ, ¯^vZ‡š¨i, GKK cÖwZôvi| wKš‘ AšR©jx hvÎv (1959) Dcb¨vm cÖKv‡ki ce© ch©š KgjKzgvi wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv wkí gva¨‡g w¯’i n‡Z cv‡ibwb| Gmgq wZwb bvU¨PP©v I wPÎKjvq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| wPÎKjv I µvdU&‡mi wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b mvD_ c‡q›U ¯‹z‡j| hw`I m‡PZbfv‡e wPÎwkíx nIqvi †Kv‡bv BŽQv Zuvi wQj e‡j g‡b nq bv|

mZ¨wR‡Zi c‡_i cuvPvjx  gyw³ I KgjKzgv‡ii AšR©jx hvÎv cÖKv‡ki ci Kwd nvD‡R Kgj mZ¨wRr AvÇv †f‡O hvq| Gici Lvjvmx‡Uvjvi g‡`i AvÇvq KgjKzgvi wbqwgZ n‡q I‡Vb| ZLb cvwʇZ¨ Áv‡bi MfxiZvq, wkí mvwn‡Z¨i AÇvq Zuvi Cl©Yxq `Lj :

Lvjvmx‡Uvjvi †miv AvKl©Y wQ‡jb KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi| Zuv‡K wN‡iB M‡o D‡VwQj wkí gb¯‹ A_P bvbvb e‡qmx bvbvb †gRv‡Ri gvby‡li †mB †hŠ_ cwievi| ²¹

GB Lvjvmx‡Uvjvq ZrKvjxb KwjKvZvi wkí mvwn‡Z¨i weL¨vZ AL¨vZ mevB Avm‡Zb| wKš‘ KgjKzgviB G Lvjvmx‡Uvjv‡K gvwZ‡q †i‡LwQ‡jb `xN©w`b| gjZ Zuvi Rb¨B Lvjvmx‡Uvjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK wewkó ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i Av‡Q :

e¯‘Z ¯^Mx©q I Aviva¨ KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii Rb¨B Lvjvmx‡Uvjv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Gj L¨vZ nj| ²²

Lvjvmx‡Uvjv KgjKzgv‡ii Rb¨ weL¨vZ n‡jI KgjKzgvi GLv‡b †ewkw`b AvÇv †`bwb| Lvjvmx‡Uvjvi AvÇv †f‡O hvIqvi ci KgjKzgv‡ii AvÇv¸‡jv gjZ n‡q I‡V mvwnZ¨‡Kw›`ªK| PZzi½ cwÎKv Awdm I myeY©‡iLv cªKvkbv ms¯’v †Kw›`ªK| Gi Av‡M wmM‡bU †cÖ‡mi gvwjK `xwjcKzgvi ¸‡ßi evwo‡ZI AvÇv e‡mwQj| 1952 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj bvU¨`j ni‡evjv| Gni‡evjv‡K †K›`ª K‡i KgjKzgvi bvU¨cwiPvjbvq A‡bKw`b Rwo‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ I bvU‡KI w¯’i nbwb| Z‡Zvw`‡b Zuvi †ekwKQy †QvUMí cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Ges mvwn‡Z¨I Zuvi cÖwZôvf‚wg ˆZwi n‡Z ïi€ K‡i‡Q| ZLb Zuvi AvÇv¸‡jv gjZ n‡q I‡V mvwnZ¨‡Kw›`ªK| G AvÇv¸‡jv Rg‡Z _v‡K PZzi½ I myeY©‡iLvq| me©‡kl 1959 mv‡j bner kvi`xq msL¨vq AšR©jx hvÎv cÖKvwkZ n‡j mvwn‡Z¨ KgjKzgv‡ii ¯^Zš cÖwZôvf‚wg wbwðZ n‡q hvq|

KgjKzgvi Aa©Rxeb ¶¨vcvi g‡Zv c„_K cÖwZôvf‚wgi, wkígva¨g, gva¨‡gi iƒc I ixwZ cik cv_‡ii g‡Zv LuyRwQ‡jb| mvwnZ¨B Zuvi †m h_v_© ¯’vb n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨ G bZzb iƒcixwZ, ¯^vZwš¨K ¯^i Luy‡R cvIqv †Kvb AvKw¯§K NUbv bq| Gi †cQ‡b KgjKzgv‡ii ce© ewY©Z NUbvewj, `xN©w`‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ I mÜvb †hgb wQj, †Zgwb wQj mgmvgwqK ivR‰bwZK, Av_© mvgvwRK, mvwnwZ¨K I ˆewk¦K cUf‚wg|

1939 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i wnUjvi KZ©„K †cvjvÛ Avµg‡Yi ga¨w`‡q wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mPbv nq| G hy‡×i mv‡_ fviZe‡l©i mivmwi †Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hvM wQj bv| wKš‘ 3 †m‡Þ¤^i weª‡Ub hLb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mwµq hy× †NvlYv K‡i ZLb fvi‡Zi fvM¨ Gi mv‡_ mivmwi Rwo‡q hvq| weªwUk kvwmZ ivóª wn‡m‡e fviZI hy×iZ wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nq| we‡klZ, 1942 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i Rvcvb hLb KwjKvZvq †evgvel©Y ïi€ K‡i ZLb KwjKvZvevmx Z_v evOvwjiv wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mv‡_ mivmwi Rwo‡q c‡o| G hy× cwðge½ Z_v KwjKvZvq wewPÎgywL wµqv cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡i| fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv ¯úž„nv P‚ovšiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ nq| wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœ, wek¦hy× cÖ‡kœ Ks‡MÖm, KwgDwb÷ cvwU©, myfvl emyi d‡ivqvW© e­K wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb GgbwK cvi¯úžwiK wecixZ Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡i| KwjKvZvi ivR‰bwZK A½b DËß wØav-wef³ n‡q c‡o| GKB mgq †`Lv †`q cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, `ywe©cvK :

DwbkÕk weqvwj­k Gi AvM÷ Av‡›`vjb, wW‡m¤^‡i Rvcvbx‡`i KjKvZvq †evgv el©Y BZ¨vw`i ci †_‡K ewn©we‡k¦ †hgb hy‡× MwZ Rvg©vbxi wei€‡× Zxeª n‡q I‡V, †Zgwb fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZi †¶‡Î Zv GKvwaK we‡`ªvn-wec­‡e, mšvmev`x‡`i ZrciZvq, kvmK‡Mvôx ch©y`¯ n‡Z _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡m Livi gZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, `v‡gv`‡i eb¨v, †gw`bxcy‡i cÖPÊ me©weaŸsmx So Ges e„wUk kvm‡Ki I Zvi µxobK wbe©vwPZ miKv‡ii Ae¨e¯’v I `ybx©wZMÖ¯Zvi cÂv‡ki gš^ši bv‡g L¨vZ fqven `ywf©¶, gnvgvix| ²³

hy‡×i Aek¨¤¢vex dj wn‡m‡e A_©‰bwZK g›`v, gy`ªvùxwZ, †eKvi mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| nvRvi nvRvi †jvK MÖvg †Q‡o KwjKvZvq G‡m fxo Rgv‡Z _v‡K| G eyfz¶y, wbivkªq, wbibœ gvby‡li Qwe KgjKzgv‡ii g‡b Mfxi Qvc †d‡j| we‡klZ, `ywf©¶ I mv¤cÖÖ`vwqK `v½v KgjKzgv‡ii Rxeb I mvwn‡Z¨ Mfxi cÖfve we¯vi K‡i|

†Ljvi cÖwZfv Dcb¨v‡m wbibœ-f‚Lv gvby‡li †h knigywL †mªv‡Zi eY©bv, Ôd¨vb `vIÕ e‡j †h AvZ©bv` Avgiv cvB Zv G mg‡qiB Ki€YwPÎ| KgjKzgvi ivRbxwZ‡K Lye AcQ›` Ki‡Zb| wPwV‡Z wj‡L‡Qb :

Avgvi wel‡q‡Z ewjqv _vwK, hvnv‡Z Avgvi wek¦vm, †h †Kvb ivRbxwZ‡ZB Avwg wek¦vm Kwi bv (wbðqB ivRbxwZ jBqv Mí ewj ev Kwi) Dnv cvRx ewjqv Avgvi MÖvg¨ aviYv| ²⁴

wKš‘ cvRx ivRbxwZi weldj Zuv‡K cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ, 1942 -Gi Av‡›`vjb, 43 I 46 mv‡ji mv¤cÖÖ`vwqK `v½v KgjKzgvi welv` I †¶vf wb‡q cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb :

Avwg 42 †`wLqvwQ †hw`b Avgvi ci‡b gv‡b Mjvi UvB Lywjqv cyovBqv w`j, c‡_ †mw`b †gwkb Mvwbs nBj, ¸wj AbeiZ Pwj‡Z _v‡K, Zvnv e¨ZxZ iv‡qU †h wK A_©vr wK wn›`y wK gyQjgvb kvjviv †h wK `yðwiÎ nB‡Z cv‡i Avi Bs‡iR evÂZiv †h wK kqZvb, KZeo nvivgx| ²⁵

GB hy×, gš^ši, `v½v, ZrKvjxb KwjKvZvq wkíx‡`i g‡b Mfxi `vM †d‡j| wØZxq wek¦hy× mviv wek¦e¨vcx wkímvwn‡Z¨i iƒc e`‡j †d‡j| ag©, ˆbwZKZv, gvbweK †ev‡a bv‡g am| G cwieZ©b wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i welq I cÖKiY‡KI e`‡j w`‡qwQj| GB be DwÌZ ev¯eZvq wkímvwn‡Z¨i ¯^iƒc wK n‡e G cÖkœ mKj wkíxi g‡b †R‡MwQj| 1944 mv‡j MwVZ n‡qwQj K¨vjKvUv MÖ€c| Gi wkíxiv ZLb m‡i G‡mwQ‡jb †e½j MÖ€‡ci Qwei wø»Zv, †cjeZv †_‡K| KgjKzgvi wQ‡jb G K¨vjKvUv MÖ€‡ci Ab¨Zg cy‡ivav e¨w³, mvwn‡Z¨i iƒc wb‡qI Zuv‡`i fve‡Z n‡qwQj :

hy‡×i KjKvZv, gš^ši, gy`ªvùxwZ, †Mviv ˆmwb‡Ki `vcU, e­vK AvDU RR©wiZ fviZe‡l©i eZ©gvwbKZvi iƒcvq‡Y wkíKjvi iƒc †Kgb n‡e, b‡ev™¢‚Z mgvR mgm¨v iƒcvq‡Y AvaywbK wkíKjvi f‚wgKv Kx n‡e -GB cÖ‡kœi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡qwQj mg¯ wkíx‡K ejvevûj¨ KgjKzgvi‡KI| †Zgwb iv¯v wba©vi‡Yi †¶ÎI wZwb wQ‡jb cy‡ivav| ²⁶

wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i cwi†cÖw¶‡Z BD‡iv‡c A‡bK¸‡jv wkí Av‡›`vj‡bi mPbv n‡qwQj| KgjKzgvi G m¤ž‡K© AewnZ wQ‡jb| wKš‘, m¤¢eZ cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb GKwU Av‡›`vj‡bi Øviv| Av‡›`vjbwU wVK wek¦hy‡×i djvdj bq| Z‡e, A‡bKUv AwfNvZ cieZx© mvwnZ¨‡PZbvi cvjve`j| Av‡›`vjbwU nj divwm Dcb¨v‡mi bZyb b‡fj (Nouveau Roman) Av‡›`vjb| hw`I G Av‡›`vjb wb‡q KgjKzgvi ¯^fveMZfv‡eB bvK DuPz K‡i K_v e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖfve Aek¨¤¢vex wQj :

we‡`‡k (d«v‡Ý) bZzb b‡fj 1955 nB‡Z GK aqv DwVqv‡Q| GLv‡b †Kv_vI Ab¨wKQy w`qv cvZvfwZ© nBqv‡Q| ²⁷

wKš‘ KgjKzgvi GLv‡b bZzb b‡fj Av‡›`vjb‡K A‡bKUv Dwo‡q w`‡jI Zuvi ev¯e AvPiY I KvR PwiÎMZ ¯^we‡ivaxZv‡KB cÖgvwYZ K‡i|

KgjKzgv‡ii mv‡_ G Av‡›`vj‡bi cy‡ivav bvZvwj mv‡ivr I K¬` wmug -Gi cÎ †hvMv‡hvM wQj| KgjKzgvi Zuvi m‡nv`i wkíx bx‡iv` gRyg`v‡ii gva¨‡g G‡`i ‡jLv msMÖn K‡i‡Qb, †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡i‡Qb| 1970 mv‡j bvZvjx mv‡ivr (Nathali Sarraute) KjKvZvq G‡j †jvKbv_ fÆvPv‡h©i evmvq KgjKzgvi Zuvi mv‡_ K_v e‡jb| ïay K_v bq KgjKzgvi divwm fvlvq mv‡iv‡Zi mv‡_ bZzb b‡fj Av‡›`vjb I divwm mvwnZ¨ wb‡q Mfxi Av‡jvPbv K‡ib :

divwm Ôbe Dcb¨v‡mÕ (hvi cy‡ivavq wQ‡jb bvZvjx mv‡ivr, †hUv Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e AvR B‡Zvg‡a¨ mgvß I ZvB mv¤žÖwZK BwZnv‡mi ch©vqfz³ gvÎ) bibvixi †cÖ‡gi cÖwZdj‡bi cÖK…wZ wb‡q Ges Av‡jvPbvi m‡Î KgjKzgvi ZLb bvZvjx mv‡iv‡Zi m‡½ ZzjbvgjKfv‡e gvM©vwir `yivm (Margueritte Duras) cÖm‡½ cv‡ob - Avwg †Zv †Kvb Qvi, Pg‡K hvb bvZvjx mv‡ivr wb‡RI  Ges H mfvq mv‡ivr KgjKzgv‡ii Av‡jvPbvq ¯^xKvi K‡ib wZwb gv‡k©j cÖ€¯ I fvwR©wbqv Djd Øviv cÖfvweZ| ²⁸

G †_‡K Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi KgjKzgvi KZ Mfxifv‡e mv‡ivr Z_v byZb b‡fj Av‡›`vj‡bi iPbvcvV K‡iwQ‡jb|

†nbwi wc‡qi Contemporary French Literature MÖ‡š’ Nouveau Roman Av‡›`vjb m¤úž‡K© †h KqwU j¶‡Yi K_v e‡j‡Qb Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg nj G Av‡›`vj‡bi †jLKiv ce©eZx© mg¯ mvwnZ¨ m„wó A¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| Dcb¨v‡m NUbv ev Kvwnbx bq m²vwZm² eY©bvB n‡q D‡VwQj cÖavb| G Kv‡R Zuv‡`i cÖavb Aej¤^b wQj fvlv| fvlvi cÖPwjZ KvVv‡gv, evK¨ web¨vmixwZ, weivgwPý †Kv‡bv wKQyB i¶v Ki‡Z Pvbwb Zuviv| Zuviv Dcb¨v‡m wel‡qi †P‡q fvlv‡K ¸i€Z¡ †`qvq, Zuviv Jcb¨vwm‡Ki e`‡j G‡KKRb n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb fvlvi KvwiMi|

KgjKzgv‡ii iPbvixwZ I mvwnZ¨fvebvq G j¶Ymgn †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| KgjKzgv‡ii mgKv‡j Av‡iv K‡qKwU Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨ n‡”Q nvswi †Rbv‡ikb| wKš‘, KgjKzgvi‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi g‡Zv †gavex H Av‡›`vj‡b wQj bv| G‡jb wMÝevM© KjKvZvq G‡jI wZwb Zuv‡K ¸i€Z¡ †`bwb| KgjKzgvi ei ce©eZx© wPÎKjvi wKDweRg Av‡›`vjb Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb| e‡j‡Qb:

Avwg wVK GbvwjwUK wKDweR‡gi c¶cvZx| ²⁹

wKDwe÷ wkíxiv e¯‘i cwiwPZ dg© †f‡O Zv‡`i Ašwb©wnZ ev¯eZv‡K dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j wKDwe÷ Av‡›`vjb †hgb dg©me©¯^ n‡qwQj †Zgwb KgjKzgv‡ii iPbvq I cÖKiYme©¯^Zv j¶ Kiv hvq| GQvov B‡g‡cÖkwbRg Av‡›`vjbI Zuv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj e‡j g‡b nq| e¯‘ ev cÖK…wZ‡K wfbœ Av‡jvq wfbœfv‡e †`Lvi †KŠkj KgjKzgv‡ii iPbvq j¶¨‡hvM¨| KwjKvZvi lvU `k‡Ki nvswi †Rbv‡ikb, kª€wZ, aŸsmKvjxb KweZv Av‡›`vjb, wbDwjZ gy¨f‡g›U cÖf…wZ Kve¨ Av‡›`vjb I †QvUM‡í bZzbixwZ, kv¯we‡ivax, wbg mvwnZ¨ cÖf…wZ Av‡›`vjb A‡bK Ae©vPxb| KgjKzgvi‡K m¤¢eZ G Av‡›`vjb¸‡jv cÖfvweZ K‡iwb| Z‡e, A‡c¶vK…Z Zi€Y G‡`i A‡b‡Ki mv‡_ KgjKzgv‡ii Avjvc I wg_w¯Œqv n‡qwQj|

KgjKzgvi Zuvi mgKvj, mgKv‡ji cÖZ¨¶ K‡j­vj I †Kvjvnj Øviv hZUv bv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb Zvi †P‡q †ewk cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb c‡iv¶ Z_v AaxZwe`¨vi gva¨‡g| KgjKzgv‡ii GKv‡WwgK covïbv hZB †nvK bv †Kb, Zvi AcÖvwZôvwbK covïbvi e¨vwß I wekvjZv wb‡q mgKvjxb eyw×Rxex gn‡j we¯§‡qi mxgv wQj bv|

†jvKbv_ fÆvPvh©, A‡kvK wg‡Îi g‡Zv cwÊZRb †Zv e‡UB eyׇ`e emy, myax›`ªbv_ `Ë, weòz †`i g‡Zv wek¦mvwn‡Z¨i cvVKiv ch©š Zvi cVbwek¦ m¤úž‡K© we¯§q Ávcb K‡i‡Qb| A‡kvK wgÎ mv¶vrKv‡i e‡j‡Qb :

cÖkœ : KgjKzgv‡ii wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv Ggb wKQy wQj bv| wZwb wK KzwÉZ n‡Zb Avcbv‡`i gZ DŽP wkw¶Z gvbyl‡`i mv‡_ wgk‡Z ?

 DËi : Zuvi g‡Zv wkw¶Z gvbyl Avwg †`wLwb| ZvQvov Zvi KZ`i covïbv KL‡bv wRÁvmv Kwiwb| Kivi `iKvi g‡b nqwb| digvj GWz‡Kkb †ewk wQj bv, wKš‘ wZwb Rvb‡Zb bv Kx ?

            ... Kgjevey wRwbqvm| AmvaviY cvwÊZ¨ Ggb gvbyl K‡qKwUB †`‡LwQ| `yÕGKRb‡K †`‡LwQ| Zvi m‡½ ZK© Ki‡Z hv‡e Ggb mvnm Kvi Av‡Q Ggb cvwÊZ¨| ³⁰

KgjKzgvi ˆkke †_‡KB divwm fvlv wk‡LwQ‡jb, †Uv‡j wk‡LwQ‡jb ms¯‹…Z| GQvov Bs‡iwR, evsjv fvlvq `¶Zv †Zv wQjB| ms¯‹…Z I evsjv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y fviZe‡l©i cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ cv‡Vi Øvi AevwiZ n‡qwQj| Ges divwm I Bs‡iwRi Kvi‡Y wek¦mvwnZ¨| wKš‘, KgjKzgv‡ii G wekvj cVbwe‡k¦i we¯…Z eY©bv †Kv_vI Avgiv cvB bv, gv‡S gv‡S wewfbœ iPbvK‡g©i D‡j­‡L ¶xY Av‡jvwKZ nB| Z‡e, †kl eq‡m wbe©vwPZ eB  wk‡ivbv‡gi GKwU iPbvq Zvi wcÖq eB I e¨w³‡`i msw¶ß eY©bv w`‡qwQ‡jb| G ZvwjKvwU Kgjgvbm Dcjwäi Rb¨ Ri€wi| Ab¨vb¨ iPbvi g‡Zv Ôgvaevq bgÕ ÔZviv eªþgqxÕ e‡j iPbvi mPbv| ivgK…ò I ivgcÖmv` fw³, ew¼g, we`¨vmvM‡ii fvlv Z_v Kgv, †mwg‡Kvjb ch©š fv‡jvjvMvi welqwU Zvrch©cY©| KgjKzgvi fvlv cÖm½, we`¨vmvMi I ew¼gP›`ª cÖm½ Avgiv cieZx© Aa¨vqmg‡n Av‡jvPbv Kie| wKš‘, Kgjgvbm MV‡b ¯^w¯ePb, ivgK…ò, †Kke P›`ª, ivgcÖmv` fw³ cÖm½ GLv‡b Av‡jvPbvi `vwe iv‡L|

KgjKzgvi Zuvi cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm AšR©jx hvÎvi f‚wgKv‡Z wj‡L‡Qb :

GB MÖ‡š’i fveweMÖn ivgK…‡òi, Bnvi Kve¨weMÖn ivgcÖmv‡`i| ivgcÖmv` Avgv‡`i ï× gb Avwbqv †`b| (A. hv. f‚wgKv)

†Ljvi cÖwZfv Dcb¨v‡mi mPbvq wj‡L‡Qb :

gvae †h Zzwg gnvcÖfy‡Z, gv‡Mv †h Zzwg eM©fxgv, VvKzi Rq ivgK…ò| †h GLb Avgiv GLv‡b‡Z wb‡R‡i we¯vwie; hvnv NwUj, Zvnv‡i wbg©vY Kwi; Ges GB Awfgvb f‚qv bv nDK, †h gv‡b, Avgv‡`i †evwaZ n‡bi †hgb aviv, †hgb cÖK…wZ, †hgb Dcv`vb, †hgb wfr Zvnv GBwU‡Z D‡j­wLZ _vwK‡eK; †h Avgiv nB AZxe mij, †hBwU nq Avgv‡`i me| (L. cÖ. c„. 345)

iPbvi kx‡l© GB ¯^w¯ ePb, gv Zvivgqx e›`bv, wKsev ivgK…‡òi cÖwZ fw³ mvwn‡Z¨ cÖf‚Z weZ‡K©i Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| Kgj mgv‡jvPK Zuv‡K †cŠËwjK e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb :

... fviZxq †cŠËwjK †PZbv KgjKzgv‡ii iPbvq PvwjKvkw³| KgjKzgv‡ii ˆPZb¨ I ivgK…‡òi Av¯’v Ges wn›`y‡Z¡i aviYvi †K›`ªwe›`y GB †cŠËwjK Rxeb `k©b| ³¹

bebxZv †`e‡mb KgjKzgv‡ii fvlv wb‡q ÁvbMf© cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i‡Qb Ges G PP©v‡K cÖvq evZzjZv e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘, wZwb fvlv‡K bó Kivi Rb¨ bq, fvlvi gva¨‡g KgjKzgvi †h fve e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K e‡j‡Qb cÖwZwµqvkxj :

evsjv fvlvi Mv‡q Avj‡Zv wXj Quy‡o KgjKzgvi †Kvbw`b evsjv fvlvi ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| wKš‘ Zvi fvlvi Ašiv‡j †h fveavivwU cÖevwnZ, †h gj¨‡eva wbwnZ, Zv mgv‡Ri c‡¶ h‡_ó ¶wZKviK n‡Z cv‡i| KviY †m‡¶‡Î Zuvi f‚wgKvwU cÖMwZ we‡Ølx BwZnvmwe‡ivax I cÖwZwµqvkxj| ³²

wKš‘ GZw`‡bi KgjKzgvi-PP©vq, Kgj iPbv cv‡V GK_v cÖwZwbqZB cÖwZfvZ n‡”Q mgv‡jvPK‡`i G AwfgZ A‡bKUvB LwÊZ| Avgv‡`i we‡ePbvq KgjKzgv‡ii G ¯^w¯ePb †jLv, ivgK…ò ev Zvivgqxi bvg †bqv A‡bKUvB bZzb mvwnZ¨ msiƒc wbg©v‡Yi cÖqvm| Gi mv‡_ †PZbvi Mfx‡i jywK‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i ga¨hy‡Mi mvwn‡Z¨i cÖKiY ˆewkó¨| ga¨hy‡Mi g½jKv‡e¨i ev †ivgvÝagx© cÖY‡qvcvL¨v‡bi KweMY Kv‡Ri ïi€‡Z †`ex ev Avj­vn, bex, cxi dwK‡ii bvg e›`bv K‡i‡Qb| Ph©vc‡`I G fwYZv `yj©¶ bq| G wn‡m‡e KgjKzgv‡ii M`¨ iPbvq bZzb iƒ‡c G HwZn¨ MÖnY A¯^vfvweK bq|

Acic‡¶, evsjv mvwnZ¨ cwðgv mvwnZ¨ we‡kl K‡i, Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ cÖfvweZ †h AvaywbKZvi mPbv I weKvk, KgjKzgvi Zvi †Nvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb:

KgjKzgvi g‡b K‡ib †h fviZe‡l© Bs‡iR AvMgb, Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi cwieZ©b Ges ivg‡gvnb †_‡K iex›`ªbv_ ch©š Jcwb‡ewkK beRvMi‡Y evsjv‡`k ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z GB ¶wZKi RxebhvÎvi cÖwZev‡` wZwb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb ivgcÖmv`, VvKzi ivgK…ò I ew¼‡gi ag©‡eva‡K; ivgcÖmv` I VvKzi ivgK…ò †jvKvqZ Rxeb PP©vq cÖÁvgw_Z AwfÁZvq wZwb Av‡jvwoZ| ³³

cwðgv, we‡klZ Bs‡iwR Dcb¨vmZvwË¡K I ZË¡‡KI wZwb AcQ›` Ki‡Zb| Dcb¨vmZvwË¡K B. Gg. di÷vi KgjKzgvi‡K wPwV wjL‡j wZwb ¸i“Z¡ †`bwb| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Ab¨Î wj‡L‡Qb :

GKevi GLv‡b wg: B. Gg. d«mUvi GK †jL‡Ki evwo‡Z Av‡mb| KvjxNv‡Ui cvÊvi gZb ZLbKvi †jLK‡`i †`wL wdwiw½ awi‡Z| Avgiv Kwnjvg H †jLK‡K hvnvi M„‡n H Bs‡iR †jLK Av‡mb, gnvkq Dnv‡K wK cÖkœ Kwi‡eb, iweevey‡K †Kb Zvgvkv Kwiqv‡Qb - Ges DwbB ev wb‡R wK c‡`i †jLK ... Dnviv fv‡e BsivRB me| ³⁴

GK_v wVK, cÖej ¯^vZš¨‡eva, BwZnvm HwZn¨ m‡PZb, †kKoPvix KgjKzgvi fviZe‡l© Jcwb‡ewkK Bs‡iR kvmb I wkí-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z cwðgv AvaywbKZv cQ›` K‡ibwb| †mRb¨ fviZxq †jvKvqZ HwZn¨-cÖqvmx KgjKzgvi ¯^fveZB ivg‡gvnb ce©eZx© evsjv wkímvwnZ¨ DËivwaKvi‡KB ¯^vfvweKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges †m HwZn¨‡K mvwn‡Z¨ cybR©vMi‡Yi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| G cybR©vMi‡Yi cybwbg©v‡Yi GKwU Ask n‡Z cv‡i G ¯^w¯ ePb, ivgcÖmv`, ivgK…ò|

ivg‡gvnb †_‡K K‡j­v‡ji †Kvjvnj ch©š †h evsjv mvwnZ¨ Zv gjZ cwðgv ms¯‹…wZkvwmZ| wKš‘ iex›`ª-cÖfveejq †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Rb¨ w·ki Kwe I Jcb¨vwmKe„›` †h c_ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb KgjKzgv‡ii c_ Zuv‡`i †_‡KI wQj wfbœ| G‡¶‡Î, iex›`ª Dcb¨v‡mi D`xqgvb evOvwj ga¨we‡Ëi ¯’v‡b KgjKzgvi cÖvwšK eªvZ¨Rb, iex›`ªbv‡_i wbivKvi cigeªþ, Rxeb‡`eZvi ¯’v‡b KgjKzgvi gv Avb›`gqx‡K †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb| wÎk `k‡Ki Kwe, Jcb¨vwmKiv iex›`ª we‡ivwaZvq †hLv‡b Ck¦i‡K A¯^xKvi, Aw¯i ¯’v‡b †bwZ‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, KgjKzgvi †mLv‡b K‡i‡Qb weKí kw³ MÖnY| G‡¶‡Î KgjKzgvi MÖnY Ki‡jb †jvKvqZ ms¯‹…wZ, Rxeb‡eva I ag©‡PZbv‡K| G‡¶‡Î evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ KgjKzgv‡ii ¯^vZš¨ ZzjbviwnZ, GKK, AwØZxq, weZ‡K© KÉKvKxY© wbtm½ wbg©vY|

KgjKzgvi Zuvi RxeÏkvqB n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb wKse`wš cyi€l| AvÇvq, cvwʇZ¨, iwmKZvq, ciwb›`v, ciPP©vq I bZzb bZzb Kvwnbx m„wóZ wZwb wb‡RB Kvwnbx cyi€l n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| ciwb›`v, ciPP©v I Ac‡ii PwiÎniY‡K wZwb wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb wkí ch©v‡q| gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi †_‡K iex›`ªbv_, mgKvjxb Kwe eyׇ`e emy †_‡K AbyRcÖwZg‡`e wb‡qI wZwb VvÆv iwmKZv Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ Avov‡j hv‡K wb‡q VvÆv iwmKZv Ki‡Zb †`Lv †Mj Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î wZwb Zv‡KB m¤§vb Ki‡Qb| mvg‡b G‡j m¤§vb K‡i K_v ej‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ mZ¨wRr e‡j‡Qb:

... AvcvZwe‡ivax GZ¸‡jv w`K Zvi g‡a¨ wQj †hgb Avi †Kvb gvby‡li g‡a¨ †`wLwb| ³⁵

 iex›`ªbv_ eªvþ wQ‡jb e‡j wZwb iex›`ªbv_‡K Ô†e‡¤§vÕ e‡j AeÁv Ki‡Zb| A_P kvby jvwnox e‡j‡Qb KgjKzgvi cÖvq mgq †n‡j`y‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i Mvb MvB‡Zb| iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨vm wb‡q Qwe evbv‡bvi K_v †f‡e‡Qb, iex›`ªbv‡_i bvUK AZ¨š wbôvi mv‡_ gÂvqb K‡i‡Qb :

wZwb ivgK…ò e‡jB eªvþ‡`i we‡ivax, †h Kvi‡YB iex›`ªbv_‡KI †e‡¤§v e‡j AeÁv †`Lvb, A_P gy³aviv Awfb‡qi mgq wZwb w¯’i K‡iwQ‡jb GKwU kã I ev` ev e`j Kiv Pj‡e bv| ³⁶

mZ¨wRr ivq wQ‡jb KgjKzgv‡ii Ab¨Zg eÜz, ¸YMÖvnx| Zuviv `yÕR‡b wg‡j wdj¥ †mvmvBwU K‡i‡Qb, Qwe cwiPvjbvi cwiKíbv K‡i‡Qb| mZ¨wRr eªvþ nIqvq wn›`y‡`i A‡bK ms¯‹…wZ ms¯‹vi Rvb‡Zb bv| c‡_i cuvPvjx ˆZwii mgq ej­vjx evjvB Bw›`iv VvKziY Pwi‡Î †m wn›`y ms¯‹vi¸‡jv Av‡iv‡ci civgk© w`‡q‡Qb, wW‡Uj hywM‡q‡Qb| A_P, Avov‡j wZwb mZ¨wRr‡K X¨vOvevey WvK‡Zb| c‡_i cuvPvjx gyw³ cvevi ci †`L‡Z ch©š bvivR wQ‡jb| mZ¨wR‡Zi PjwŽPÎ wb‡q hLb wek¦e¨vcx gvZvgvwZ ZLb KgjKzgvi Zvi Pjw”PÎ Ávb wb‡q VvÆv K‡i‡Qb| Lvjvmx‡Uvjvi g‡`i AvÇvq D`qb †Nv‡li mv‡_ Avjvc PvwiZvq e‡j‡Qb :

1.    Kgj`v, GZ‡h cÖkœ Kwi Avcbv‡K, wei³ nb bv †Zv ?

2.                Avwg †Zv QvÎ, DËi `v‡b Qv·K wK wei³ n‡j P‡j ?

3.                Av‡iKUv cÖkœ Kwi ?

4.                Ki€b, VvKzi|

5.                Qwe Avi PjwŽP‡Î wK Zdvr ?

6.                G cÖkœ Zzwg X¨v½v‡K Ki ....

7.                X¨v½v ?

8.                X¨v½v †P‡bv bv ? †Zvgv‡`i ni‡evjvi gvwbKevey| ³⁷

wKš‘ KgjKzgvi Aci Kv‡ivgy‡L mZ¨wR‡Zi wb›`v mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv|

weòz †`, myaxb `Ë I eyׇ`e emyi mv‡_ Zvi wQj cÖxwZ-kª×vi m¤úžK©| myaxb `Ë wiwLqvq †M‡j KgjKzgv‡ii evwo‡ZB DV‡Zb| wiwLqvq myaxb `‡Ëi Rb¨ Aaxi AvMÖn AwZw_i Rb¨ Ni‡`vi Svo‡gvQvi K_v KgjKzgvi wb‡Ri wPwV‡ZB wj‡L‡Qb| A_P myaxb `Ë m¤úž‡K© AvÇvq e‡j‡Qb :

eyS‡jb evey Avcbv‡`i myaxb `Ë GKUv †Pvi| ³⁸

wÎk-Pwj­k `k‡Ki Kwe mvwnwZ¨K‡`i m¤úž‡K© KgjKzgv‡ii aviYv AZ¨š Lvivc wQj| wZwb Zuv‡`i cvðvZ¨gywLZv‡K Ges evsjv mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© AÁZv‡K wewPÎ ¯’v‡b mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| w·ki Kwe eyׇ`e emy m¤ú‡K© Ges wÎk-Pwj­‡ki `k‡Ki Kwe‡`i m¤ú‡K© Zuvi aviYvi cwiPq :

NUbv ewj, GKw`b K‡qK eQi c‡e© B›`ªbv‡_i †`vKv‡b ewmqv AvwQ nVvr Avgv‡`i †m cÖkœ Kwij Kvnvi Kvnvi gnvfviZ Bs‡iwR‡Z Av‡Q| Avgiv Kwnjvg †Kb? †Kvb ... †g‡U wdwiw½ G UzKz ewj‡ZB †m wbæK‡É Kwnj ÔAgy‡KiÕ †jvK `uvovBqv Av‡Q Ges gvm K‡qK ci ïwbjvg wZwb g‡bvÁ gnvfviZ K_v wjwL‡Z‡Qb| Giƒc Avgv‡`i †`kxq cwÊZ| 30-40 Gi Kwe cwÊZiv B`vwbs Dcwbl` PP©v Kwi‡Z‡Q Bnviv Rei cÖMwZkxj mvg¨ev`x| Bnviv Avgv‡`i ce©Mvgx| Avgiv Bnv‡`i wbKU wKQyB cvB bvB| ³⁹

Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi G g‡bvÁ gnvfviZ K_vi †jLK eyׇ`e emy| eyׇ`e emy KgjKzgvi‡K Zuvi eB Dcnvi w`‡j †m eB KgjKzgvi †Uwe‡ji bovPov eÜ Kivi Rb¨ cvqvi wb‡P ivLvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| eyׇ`e emyi Abyev`‡K e‡j‡Qb Dwo Abyev` Ges kvUzj‡K w`‡q g`¨kvjvq G Ave„wË mKj‡K ïbv‡eb e‡j‡Qb| A_P eyׇ`e emy‡K wb‡q †i‡Lv gv `v‡m‡i g‡b kxl©K `xN© cªeÜ wj‡L‡Qb| G cÖeÜ hLb †cÖ‡m Qvcv nq, ZLb †cÖ‡m cÖ€d †`L‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb, G †jLvwU eyׇ`e emy‡K wb‡q †jLv †Kv_vI †hb åvwš bv _v‡K| myax›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi KweZvq csw³ †_‡K wb‡Ri †QvUM‡íi wk‡ivbvg †i‡L‡Qb| †ønv¯úž` Kwe‡`iI mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| kw³ P‡Ævcva¨vq m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb:

GKw`b kw³‡K (P‡Ævcva¨vq) B‡›`ªi †`vKv‡b‡Z awiqvwQ, ej, evOjvi c`¨ ej| †gvUvgywU bvg ej Ges G‡Ki ci Zv Ph©v nB‡Z ˆeòe c`vejx, ivgcÖmv`, Ck¦i¸ß, gaym`b, ej‡`e| Z‡e kw³ †ePviv ¯^xKvi Kwij †h †m Rv‡b bv| ⁴⁰

KgjKzgvi ivRbxwZ wegyL wQ‡jb| A_P ivRbxwZi mKj wel‡qB mRvM wQ‡jb| ivR‰bwZK msK‡U K_v e‡j‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× ïi€ n‡j gg©¯úžkx© fvlvq wj‡L‡Qb ce© evsjvi msMÖvg wel‡q| †kvwlZ, cÖvwšKRb‡`i wb‡q mvivRxeb wj‡L‡Qb| Zvi eÜz, NwbôRb‡`i A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i| A_P KwgDwb÷ cvwU© I G m¤úžwK©Z iPbvi wel‡q wZwb Amwnòz wQ‡jb| Zuv‡`i PwiÎ nb‡b Zrci wQ‡jb :

Kwd nvD‡Ri ¯§„wZi g‡a¨ Kgjeveyi K_vi av‡ii K_vUvB me‡P‡q †ewk g‡b c‡o| R‰bK evgcš’x Kwe m¤^‡Ü Zvi gše¨ nj - f`ª‡jvK †mvk¨vj Kb‡U›U bv _vK‡j bwm¨ †bb bv| Pvlx gRyi‡`i nvj m¤ú‡K© kn‡ii gvK©wm÷ eveyiv DrKwÉZ †m K_v Pvlx gRyi Rv‡b Kx ? Kgjeveyi fvlvq - e¨v‡Oi GKUv j¨vwZb bvg Av‡Q e¨vO Zv Rv‡b wK ? ⁴¹

KgjKzgv‡ii GB AvcvZ ¯^we‡iva, Pwi‡Îi c¨vivW· I Kg‡c­· -Gi †fZiB jywK‡q Av‡Q Kgjgvb‡mi gj inm¨|

Kgj RxebxKvi wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq e‡j‡Qb GUv KgjKzgv‡ii gy‡Lvk| mZ¨wRr ivq wj‡L‡Qb :

wZwb †hb AZ¨š mvaviYfv‡eB GKwU i€¶ AgvwR©Z, AvU‡cŠ‡i †Pnvivq wb‡R‡K mevi mvg‡b nvwRi Ki‡Zb| ⁴²

GB ¯^we‡ivax, i€¶ AgvwR©Z †Pnviv KgjKzgv‡ii Rb¨ Aek¨¤¢vex wQj| Avgv‡`i we‡ePbvq KgjKzgv‡ii iPbvi ˆewkó¨ I ¯^vZš¨ Zuvi G ¯^we‡ivax, i€¶, AgvwR©Z †Pnvivi in‡m¨i g‡a¨B jywK‡q wQj| G wel‡q wm×vš MÖn‡Yi c‡e© KgjKzgv‡ii mvwn‡Z¨ AvMgb, weKvk I cÖwZôvi w`‡K bRi †`qv m½Z Kvi‡YB Ri€wi|

c‡e©B Avgiv D‡j­L K‡iwQ KgjKzgv‡ii cwievi wQj mvs¯‹…wZK cwigʇji| ˆkk‡eB Zuv‡`i cvwievwiK cwigʇj mvwnZ¨ bvUK PP©vi ixwZ wQj| †m ixwZ‡ZB wZwb ˆkk‡e bvUK PP©vq RwoZ nb|

1932 mv‡j `yM©vcRvq cÖ_g bvUK g¯’ K‡ib wiwLqvq| bvU¨Kvi I cwiPvjK KgjKzgvi wb‡RB| 1937 mv‡j 8, ivggq †ivW, fevbxcyi †_‡K Dòxl, mvwnZ¨cwÎKv cÖKvk K‡ib| G cwÎKvq Zuvi cÖ_g Mí jvjRy‡Zv cÖKvk K‡ib, wØZxq msL¨vq gay I Z…Zxq msL¨vq wcª‡Ým Mí cÖKvk K‡ib| Avgiv Rvwb G Mí¸‡jv AZ¨š mvaviY gv‡ci| jvjRy‡Zvq ¶xY n‡jI Ab¨ `y‡Uv M‡í KgjKzgv‡ii cieZx© iPbv m¤¢vebvi †Kvb wQ‡U‡dvUvI aiv c‡owb| Kvwnbxweb¨vm, PwiÎvqb I fvlv meB AZ¨š mv`vgvUv, Zij, mgKvjxb M‡íi ZzjbvqI `ye©j|

KgjKzgvi ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB mvwn‡Z¨ b¨bZg `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| GgZve¯’vq, wZwb gjZ Rwo‡q c‡ob e¨emv I PvKwii †Luv‡R| †Kv‡bvUvB Zuvi nqwb| djvdj Aemi AvÇv| G wel‡q c‡e©B we¯vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G mgq wZwb PjwŽPÎ I bvUK PP©vq †g‡Z I‡Vb| m¤¢eZ wcÖ‡Ým I gay M‡íi mgKv‡j iPbv K‡ib keixg½j Dcb¨vm| Dcb¨vmwUi `ye©j MVb, fvlv I Muv_ywb Zvwi mv¶¨ enb K‡i| Gi †Kv‡bvwUB Zv‡K mvdj¨ G‡b †`qwb| ¯^vZš¨gwÊZ nIqv †Zv `‡ii K_v| `xN© weiwZi ci 1355 mv‡j mvwnZ¨cÎ cwÎKvq cÖKvk K‡ib Mí Rj| G Rj M‡í KgjKzgv‡ii wbR¯^Zv cÖ_‡g dz‡U I‡V| G M‡íi :

ÔKvbvBÕ KvbvB nq Zvi bvg| †m dRj †gvj­v bq Ges †h dRj nq fvj †jvK c‡ii avb Kv‡U bv, †Kbbv †Lv`v Zvi Dci `qv iv‡Lb| (Rj)

M‡íi cÖ_g evK¨B KgjKzgv‡ii Dcw¯’wZ Avgv‡`i Rvwb‡q †`q| PÂjKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq G Mí m¤ú‡K© wj‡Lb evsjv M‡`¨ wPÎ| Zvici cÖKvwkZ nq G‡K G‡K †ZBk I gwj­Kv evnvi MíØq| Rj, †ZBk I gwj­Kv evnvi Mí evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ KgjKzgvi‡K A‡bKUv ¯^vZ‡š¨ wPwýZ K‡i †`q| wKš‘, KgjKzgvi ZLbI mvwn‡Z¨ w¯’i n‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb Zvui wbR¯^ cÖKvk gva¨g LuyR‡Qb| Gmgq wZwb wPÎKjv, msMxZ, PjwŽPÎ, bvU¨`j ni‡evjv wb‡q e¨¯| wKš‘ cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki G mgq wkíKjvi me¸‡jv kvLvB ZLb DËvj| wef‚wZf‚l‡Yi g„Zz¨ n‡jI gvwbK Zvivk¼i G mgq bZzb bZzb †gvo †div‡bv gjavivi Dcb¨vm iPbv Ki‡Qb| K‡j­vjhy‡Mi mKj †jL‡KB cÖvq mPj, mZxbv_ fv`yox I ebdzj wjL‡Qb wbix¶vgjK Dcb¨vm| KweZvq Rxebvb›`mn w·kvËi Ab¨vb¨ cÖavb Kwe mwµq| wPÎKjv I fv¯‹‡h© b›`jvj emy, ivg wK¼i, hvwgbx ivq, we‡bv` wenvix| D”Pv½ msMx‡Z AvjvDwÏb Luv, iwek¼i| iex›`ªmsMx‡Z iv‡Rk¦ix `Ë, KwYKv e‡›`vcva¨vq I mywPÎv wgÎ| k¨vgvmsMx‡Z abÄq fÆvPvh©, †jvKmsMx‡Z wbg©‡j›`y †PŠayix, b„Z¨RM‡Z D`qk¼i, bvU‡K k¤¢zwgÎ| `j wn‡m‡e eûiƒcx, MYbvU¨ mN I wjUj w_‡qUvi|

wkí mvwn‡Z¨i GB DËvj mg‡q KgjKzgv‡ii c‡¶ bZzb wKQy Kiv P¨v‡j‡Äi welq wQj| wPÎKjv, msMxZ ev bvUK wZwb mvivRxeb PP©v K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ m¤¢eZ †ckv wn‡m‡e wb‡Z Pvbwb| wKš‘ †ckv wn‡m‡e Pjw”P·KB wb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb e‡j g‡b nq| wKš‘, c‡_i cvuPvjxi gyw³ I Zuvi wek¦Rq KgjKzgv‡ii G c_‡K i€× K‡i †`q, wZwb PjwŽPÎ †_‡K m¤žY©iƒ‡c m‡i Av‡mb|

G Ae¯’vqB cÖKvwkZ nq Zvi cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm AšR©jx hvÎv (1959)| G Dcb¨vmwU iPbvi cÖ¯‘wZ wZwb ce© †_‡KB MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j g‡b nq| †Kbbv, mZ¨wRr ivq‡K K¨vwbs Nv‡U †bŠKvi Mv‡q AuvKv †PvL I R‡ji †XD‡q †m †PvL‡K wm³ Kivi †h eY©bv KgjKzgvi w`‡q‡Qb e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Zv †_‡K G cÖ¯‘wZ eySv hvq|

ce©eZx© Rj M‡í KgjKzgvi cÖ_g ¯^Zš evsjv M‡`¨i mPbv K‡ib| hv cieZx© †ZBk gwj­Kv evnvi M‡í mg„× n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i we‡ePbvq AšR©jx hvÎv  Dcb¨v‡mB mKj w`K †_‡K KgjcªwZfv I wbix¶vi we‡ùviY N‡UwQj| wZwb mKj A‡_©B G Dcb¨v‡m gywÝqvbv, ¯^vZ‡š¨i cwiPq †`b| G Dcb¨v‡mB fvlv I fv‡ei gwbKvÂb †hvM N‡UwQj Ges KgjKzgv‡ii ZrKvjxb I eZ©gvb mKj cÖwZôvi wfwË G Dcb¨vm| KgjRxebxKv‡ii g‡Z :

ÔAšR©jx hvÎvÕ evsjv fvlv Ges Dcb¨v‡mi cÖev‡n GK Awfbe ms‡hvRb| GB Dcb¨vmwU cÖKv‡ki m‡½ m‡½ bvbv weiƒc gše¨ Avi L¨vwZ AL¨vwZi bvqK n‡q DV‡jb KgjKzgvi| ⁴³

†h L¨vwZ AL¨vwZ GZw`b wQj e¨w³ KgjKzgvi‡K wN‡i G Dcb¨v‡mi Kvi‡Y wZwb n‡q I‡Vb mvwnwZ¨K L¨vwZi bvqK| evsjv Dcb¨vm avivq Zvi ¯^Zš Avmb wbw`©ó n‡q hvq| Zuvi cieZx© 7wU Dcb¨vmmn Ab¨vb¨ iPbvi cÖKvk G L¨vwZ‡K Av‡iv D¾¡Zi K‡i‡Q, Zuv‡K Av‡iv ¯^vZwš¨K gwngvq gwngvwš^Z K‡i‡Q|

1. KgjKzgv‡ii wcZv cywjk Awdmvi, gv mvwnZ¨gwZ| Abgbxq GK¸‡q wcZv †P‡q‡Qb KgjKzgvi eo †nvb wbR †Lqv‡j, gv †P‡q‡Qb mšvbiv eo †nvK ˆkwíK Awfi€wP wb‡q| myZivs KgjKzgvi Zuvi Pwi‡Îi Lvg‡Lqvwjcbv GK¸‡qwg †c‡qwQ‡jb wcZvi cÖkª‡q, mv‡_ hy³ n‡qwQj mvwnwZ¨K Awfi€wP; hv cwiYZ eq‡m wkímvwn‡Z¨ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q A‡bKUv ˆkwíK †¯^”QvPviiƒ‡c| ¯^vaxb‡PZbv, ¯^vZ‡š¨i Afxávi exR ˆkk‡eB ewcZ|

2. ˆkk‡eB gv‡qi Kv‡Q ivgvqY, gnvfviZ †_‡K †gNbv`ea-Kve¨ ï‡b‡Qb| evmvq wg‡k‡Qb ZrKvjxb weL¨vZ wkíRb‡`i mv‡_| †evb kvby jvwnoxi K_vq Ôfvix fvix wRwblÕ ˆkk‡eB †R‡b‡Qb| myZivs m² mvwnZ¨i€wPi mPbv gv I cwievi †_‡KB| cieZx©‡Z divwm, ms¯‹…Z, Bs‡iwR I evsjv fvlv Kgc‡¶ G PviwU fvlv`¶Zv Zuvi cVbwek¦‡K eûav we¯…Z K‡i‡Q|

3. ˆkk‡e †c‡qwQ‡jb wØgywL avivi we`¨vqZwbK wk¶v| GKw`‡K Ôgv_v b¨vov KivÕ ag© ms¯‹…Z wk¶v, Ab¨w`‡K BD‡ivcxq wgkbvwiR cwiPvwjZ AvaywbK cwðgv wk¶v| †hŠe‡b my¨U c‡i ÔeveyÕ nIqv, Pvj©m evi‡K AbymiY Kiv, cwiYZ eq‡m awZ, cvÄvwe civ, cwðgvÁv‡bi mv‡_ Kvkxivg `vm‡K †gjv‡bv - G m‡ÎB euvav| bvZvjx mv‡iv‡Zi mv‡_ ivg cÖmv` fw³ wewŽQbœ wKQy bq| A¯^vfvweK bq ew¼gevwnZ Dcb¨v‡mi cwðgx †d«‡g fviZelx©q cÖvwšK eªvZ¨R‡bi Aš—ivZ¥vi Db¥¥xjb|

4. ˆkk‡e j‡²Š, gyjZvb †_‡K ÔcÖYg¨ wngvjqÕ ch©š— Mgb, ˆK‡kv‡ii ce©e‡½i ivRkvnx †gjvq, gy‡½‡i, wenv‡i f‚wgK‡¤ž wKsev RbMYbv wefv‡M PvKwi Dcj‡¶ cwðge‡½i gvwU I cÖvwšK Rb‡`i mv‡_ Mfxifv‡e †gkv Zvui `„wókw³‡K GKBmv‡_ Mfxi I †kKo †cÖvw_Z K‡iwQj|

5. †hŠe‡b Aweivg AvÇv, me¸‡jv wkí gva¨‡gi m¤¢vebvgq I cÖwZwôZRb‡`i mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqv Ges wewPÎ wkí gva¨‡gi PP©v Zvi iPbv‡K eûewY©j K‡iwQj| GKB mv‡_ wb‡Ri cÖKvk gva¨g MÖn‡Y wØa©vwš^ZI K‡iwQj|

6. wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cwieZ©gvb I †Nvi KwVb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wk‡íi cÖKvk aib Kx n‡e G cÖkœ c„w_exi mKj wkíxi g‡Zv Zuv‡KI wePwjZ K‡iwQj| KgjKzgv‡ii wkí gva¨g MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î Aw¯’iZv wQj| G‡¶‡Î PjwŽP·K MÖn‡Yi m¤¢vebv me‡P‡q †ewk wQj| wKš‘ mZ¨wRr iv‡qi cÖwZôv G c_ i€× K‡i †`q| wk‡íi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvq c‡e© Dwj­wLZ‡`i cÖwZôv Zuv‡K wbi€rmvwnZ K‡i wQj| G‡¶‡Î RbwcÖq cÖPjZvi avivq Zuvi †hvM ‡`qvi i€wPI wQj bv|

7. ÔRjÕ M‡íi fvlv wbix¶v †_‡K ÔAšR©jx hvÎvÕi wkí mvdj¨ cÖKvk gva¨g wn‡m‡e mvwnZ¨‡KB MÖn‡Y Zuv‡K DØy× K‡iwQj|

8. mgKv‡j Zuvi AZzjbxq cvwÊZ¨ I m„wókxjZv Zuv‡K wbtm½Zvi P‚ovq wb‡q wM‡qwQj| wkíx wn‡m‡e cÖvc¨ m¤§vb bv cvIqv Ges Kg †gavex‡`i †jvKL¨vZ nIqv m¤¢eZ Zuv‡K Awfgvbx K‡iwQj| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi †fZi ˆZwi n‡qwQj GK ai‡bi Kg‡c­·| Awfgvbx g‡bi AvnZ †e`bv I Mfxi Kg‡c­‡·i ewnt cÖKvkB m¤¢eZ N‡U‡Q AvÇvq Ab¨‡`i bv‡g wg‡_¨ ejv, wb›`vev` I ZzŽQ ZvwŽQ‡j¨i †fZi w`‡q| ¯^fveMZ cÖwZfv I eY©bv Kivi A™¢yZ ¶gZv Zvi G Kg‡c­· cÖKvkixwZ‡K †mŠ›`h©gwÊZ K‡iwQj|

9. w·kvËi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖavb A‡š^lv I Awš^ó welq wQj iex›`ª cÖfve ejq A¯^xKvi I AwZµg| iex›`ªbv‡_i AvaywbKZv I wPšvi gj my‡Zv wQj BD‡ivcxq fveavivi mv‡_ m¤ž„³| wÎk I w·kvËi mvwnwZ¨KMY G cÖfve‡K Gov‡Z cwðg we‡klZ Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨iB Øvi¯’ n‡qwQ‡jb| G‡¶‡Î Zuviv iex›`ª Aw¯ ¯’v‡b wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb †bwZ †PZbv| G‡Kk¦i, Rxeb‡`eZvi ¯’v‡b wbixk¦ievw`Zv, Pwj­‡ki `k‡K Øvw›ØK e¯‘ev`x †PZbv|

KgjKzgvi Gi †Kvb c‡_B cv †`bwb| wZwb iex›`ª Dcb¨v‡mi ga¨weË Rxeb RwUjZvi ¯’v‡b G‡bwQ‡jb cÖvwšKR‡bi RxebwRÁvmv, eªvþagx©q wbivKvi G‡Kk¦iev‡`i ¯’v‡b mvKvi gv, fv‡ei ¯’‡j fw³| iPbvi ïi€ ¯^w¯ePb †jLv m¤¢eZ ZuviB cÖwZdjb| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i e`‡j wZwb nvZ evwo‡qwQ‡jb divwm mvwn‡Z¨i w`‡K| G‡¶‡Î divwm bZzb b‡fj Av‡›`vjb, wKDweRg, Bg‡cÖmwbRg, wkí Av‡›`vj‡bi wbh©vm MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| we‡klZ, byZb b‡fj Av‡›`vjbKvix‡`i g‡Zv fvlv wbix¶vB Zuvi cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡q D‡VwQj|

10. e¯‘ ev welq‡K eY©bvi A™¢yZ ¶gZv, fvlv wbix¶vi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ wkí gva¨‡gi KiY †KŠk‡ji cÖ‡qvM Zuvi iPbvKg©‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q eûewY©j, ˆewkó¨gwÊZ| e¨w³i hvwcZRxeb I wk‡íi AwfbeZ¡ mgKv‡j Zuv‡K K‡i‡Q wbtm½ GKK GK wbg©vZv|

Z_¨m~Î

1.                KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, AcÖKvwkZ wPwVi D×…wZ, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq, ÒKweZx_©Ó (Drcj fÆvPvh© m¤úvw`Z) 20Zg msL¨v, KwjKvZv, Rvbyqvwi 1999, c„. 14

2.         kvby jvwnox, Ômv¶vrKviÕ, ÒDËivwaKviÓ, (AwgZ`vm, Awbi€Ï †fŠwgK m¤úžvw`Z), RyjvB-wW‡m¤^i 1997, c„. 18

3.         kvby jvwnox, cÖv¸³, c„. 17

4.         kvby jvwnox, cÖv¸³, c„. 18

5.         kvby jvwnox, cÖv¸³, c„. 18

6.         KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii D×…wZ, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq, KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi : Rxeb I wkí (AcÖKvwkZ wcGBP wW Awfm›`f©), ea©gvb wek¦we`¨vjq, ea©gvb, 1990, c„. 03

7.         kvby jvwnox, cÖv¸³, c„. 17

8.          H, c„. 17

9.          KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii D×…wZ, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq, cÖv¸³, c„. 4

10.       kvby jvwnox, cÖv¸³, c„. 20

11.        `qvgqx gRyg`vi, ÔAvgvi ¯^vgx KgjKzgvi gRyg`viÕ, ÒRb¥¯§viK 85Ó, KwjKvZv, c„. 9

12.        KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii D×…wZ, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq , cÖv¸³, c„. 8

13.       ivav cÖmv`¸ß, ÔAvgv‡`i Kv‡ji AvÇvÕ, ÒSuvwK `k©bÓ, †`k, 09.08.88

14.       mZ¨wRr ivq, Kgjevey, KgjKzgvi iPbv I ¯§„wZ (myeªZ i€`ª m¤úvw`Z) b_© eªv`vm©, KwjKvZv, 1982, c„. 150

15.      mZ¨wRr ivq, cÖv¸³ c„. 148

16.       ivav cÖmv`¸ß, ÔKgjKzgvi gRyg`vi : wKQy cyi‡bv K_vÕ, ÒkãcÎÓ, (ïf gy‡Lvcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z), KwjKvZv, †m‡Þ¤^i 1984, c„. 7

17.       mZ¨wRr ivq, Kgjevey, cÖv¸³, c„. 150

18.       mZ¨wRr ivq, Kgjevey, cÖv¸³, c„. 146

19.       Awf †mb ¸ß, Ô†Kb Lvjvmx‡UvjvÕ, Ò†KŠieÓ 92, Lvjvmx‡Uvjv msL¨v, (Kgj PµeZx© m¤úvw`Z), KwjKvZv, gvP© 2003,  c„. 128

20.      mg‡i›`ª †mb ¸ß, ÔG‡mwQ‡j Zey Av‡mv bvB, Rvbv‡q †M‡jÕ, Ò†KŠieÓ, cÖv¸³, c„. 160

21.       ex‡i›`ªbv_ PµeZx©, evsjv K_v mvwn‡Z¨i GKvj (1945-1998), cy¯K wecbx, KwjKvZv, 1918, c„. 15

22.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, 26.6.70 Zvwi‡L m›`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K †jLv wPwV, cÖKvk ÒcÖwZwe¤^Ó, KwjKvZv,  c„. 2

23.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, 17.12.71 m›`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K †jLv wPwV, cÖKvk wgwbeyK, KwjKvZv, cÖKvk ZvwiL †bB, c„. 3

24.       wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq, KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi : Rxeb I wkí, cÖv¸³, c„. 10

25.       KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, Ô†jLv welqKÕ, ÒRvb©vj 70Ó, 5g msL¨v, c„. 22

26.       †jvKbv_ fÆvPvh©, ÔmÂq ej‡Z ¯§„wZBÕ, ÒDËivwaKviÓ, cÖv¸³, c„. 11

27.       KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨v‡qi D×…wZ, cÖv¸³

28.       Av‡kvK wgÎ, Ômv¶vrKviÕ, ÒDËivwaKviÓ, cÖv¸³, c„. 24

29.       iwdK Kvqmvi, KgjcyivY, GKz‡k cvewj‡KkÝ wj., XvKv 2001, c„. 4

30.       be bxZv †`e‡mb, Ôwcći ewmqv cvVK A_ev wm× Zvwš‡Ki kã mvabvÕ, ÒPZzi½Ó, gvN-‰PÎ 1384, c„. 250

31.      iwdK Kvqmvi, cÖv¸³, c„. 14

32.      wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq, DׄwZ, cÖv¸³, c„. 25

33.      mZ¨wRr ivq, ÔKgjeveyÕ, cÖv¸³, c„. 146

34.      mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, A‡a©K Rxeb, Avb›`, KwjKvZv 2002, c„. 117

35.      KgjKzgvi I D`qb †Nv‡li msjvc, ÔLvjvmx‡Uvjvi g‡`i AvÇvqÕ,  Ò†KŠieÓ 92, cÖv¸³, c„. 73

36.      mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, A‡a©K Rxeb, cÖv¸³, c„. 148

37.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨v‡qi D×…wZ, KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi ÔgyL I gy‡Lv‡ki Ø›ØÕ, ÒKweZx_©Ó 18, KwjKvZv, Avwk¦b 1396, c„. 71

38.       H, c„. 72

39.       mZ¨wRr ivq, ÔKgjeveyÕ, cÖv¸³, c„. 149-150

40.       mZ¨wRr ivq, cÖv¸³, c„. 146

41.        wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨vq, KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi : Rxeb I wkí, cÖv¸³, c„. 18

42.       KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨v‡qi D×…wZ, KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi : Rxeb I wkí, H, c„. 361

43.      H, c„. 361

44.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, 19.7.1970 Zvwi‡L m›`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K †jLv cÎ, cÖKvk-ÒcÖwZwe¤^Ó, KwjKvZv, †m‡Þ¤^i 1995, c„. 6

45.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, 12.3.1973 Zvwi‡L m›`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K †jLv cÎ, cÖKvk- H, c„. 8

46.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, mv¶vrKvi, ÔmvwnwZ¨K KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii mv‡_ K_vevZ©vÕ (huviv M‡o‡Qb), ÒDËivwaKviÓ, cÖv¸³, c„. 41

47.      H c„. 42

48.      H c„. 41

49.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, e½xq wkíaviv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖeÜ, `xcvqb, KwjKvZv, ˆekvL 1405, c„. 3

50.       H c„. 17

51.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, 26.6.1970 Zvwi‡L m›`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K †jLv cÎ, cÖKvk-ÒcÖwZwe¤^Ó, cÖv¸³, c„. 5

52.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, mv¶vrKvi, ÒDËivwaKviÓ, cÖv¸³, c„. 43

53.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, m›`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K †jLv cÎ, cÖKvk- ÒcÖwZwe¤^Ó, cÖv¸³, c„. 2

54.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, Ôcwi‡cÖw¶ZÕ, Ò`c©bÓ, 6 †g 1966

55.     H

56.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, D`qb †Nv‡li mv‡_ msjvc, ÔLvjvmx‡Uvjvq Avwg GK cÖwWM¨vj LvjvmxÕ, ÔÔ†KŠeiÕÕ, Lvjvmx‡Uvjv msL¨v, cÖv¸³, c„. 69

57.       H c„. 68

58.       H c„. 67

59.      KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, wniY¥q M‡½vcva¨v‡qi DׄwZ, ÔcÖfvweZ KgjKzgvi gRyg`viÕ, ÒDËivwaKviÓ (KgjKzgvi msL¨v), cÖv¸³, c„. 1071

60.       KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, D`qb †Nv‡li mv‡_ msjvc, cÖv¸³, c„. 67